Nicholas Semrad plays the Nonlinear Labs C15 - PART TWO

video upload by Nonlinear Labs

"While in Los Angeles for NAMM, the Nonlinear Labs team took the opportunity to visit Nicholas Semrad at home and show him the C15."

Nicholas Semrad plays the Nonlinear Labs C15 - PART TWO

video upload by Nonlinear Labs

Nonlinear Labs Emphase & Native Instruments Kontour

via NONLINEAR LABS:

"You might have noticed the release of Kontour as one of the new instruments included in Native Instruments' Komplete 10 bundle. Kontour is the result of the first collaboration between Native Instruments and Nonlinear Labs. (Full disclosure: I am still a shareholder at NI.) Kontour's synthesis engine was developed by Nonlinear Labs. It is based on Phase 22, a synthesizer I have been working on for several years. Kontour is its adaptation as a highly refined software instrument.

The user interface was co-developed with NI (great work, André, Fabian, and Clément!). Experts at NI also managed the user documentation as well as the creation of the preset content, which involved excellent sound designers.

Kontour's concept consists of the following characteristics:
- an expressive, musical, and playable instrument
- a responsive sound engine with wide-ranging dynamics
- simple, puristic components combined with flexible signal routing to form complex and organic sounds
- a strong and unique character, not emulating existing instruments
- easy sound modification via macro controls
- user-recordable motions for the macro controls

Similarities and Differences
Kontour can be considered a sort of 'preview' to the first synthesis engine of our hardware synthesizer (working name "Emphase"). The audio processing structure of Emphase will be similar, but not identical (and therefore not preset-compatible) to that of Kontour.

So the question arises: just what are these differences? First of all, we are creating a hardware synthesizer. As we have the performing musician in mind, Emphase will be totally dedicated to human real-time control. Automatic control sources like Kontour’s motion recorders are replaced by the live input from the musician.

We have very high aims in terms of expressiveness and therefore we use our high-resolution TCD protocol. TCD gives us complete control over how the voices are assigned, how they are influenced by the pitch bender, ribbons, and pedals, as well as what is going on inside of each voice. In addition, morphing will play an important role for finding and modifying sounds.

You see the different intentions: Kontour integrates perfectly with the environment of software-based music production, while Emphase is optimized as a stand-alone hardware instrument." See the full post at Nonlinear Labs.

Nonlinear Labs C15 - the new Sound Designer Bank by Dr. Manny Fernandez

video upload by Nonlinear Labs

"In this video Tim Sund presents a representative selection of sounds created for the C15 by Californian sound design legend Manny Fernandez.

Manny's bank as well as the banks of the other sound designers, who have created sounds for the C15, can be downloaded here: https://www.nonlinear-labs.de/support...

Presentation: Tim Sund
Video filming and editing: Thomas Jaufmann

www.nonlinear-labs.de"

The Spring 2023 Update for the Nonlinear Labs C15

video upload by Nonlinear Labs

"In this video Tim Sund shows the new features coming along with the Spring 2023 Update for the Nonlinear Labs C15. More information on: https://www.nonlinear-labs.de



About the Spring 2023 Update:

As another step in the evolution of the C15 we have just released our third major firmware update. It greatly expands the sound design capabilities of the instrument and improves its user interface.

You can now modulate almost all parameters using the Macro Controls (185 instead of 95 possible modulation targets), and we have extended the ranges of 17 parameters.

There is now the possibility to bypass the Feedback Mix Gate and to control the decay times of Envelope C by velocity.

With the new Loop function of Envelope C it can behave like a polyphonic LFO, that is synced to the key and can be influenced by velocity and key trackings.

Single sounds can now also use a second effect group (in total 10 effects) and both effect groups can now be operated in parallel as well as in serial mode.

It is possible to pan Parts and effects groups and route them separately to the left and right audio output.

For Split sounds, the feedback routing has been extended, so that the output signal from one Part can be an input signal for the other Part.

The Preset Search function in the graphical user interface has been completely redesigned to display all search results in a single list. Search and sorting criterias have been extended. Thus, the new search window combines many preset functions in a convenient way.

And as a usability improvement of the hardware, the two physical ribbons can now be switched between two pairs of virtual ribbons, giving fast access to up to four Macro Controls."

A visit at Nonlinear Labs - A Look at the Upcoming Emphase Digital Hardware Keyboard Synthesizer

A visit at Nonlinear Labs from Stephan Schmitt on Vimeo.

"Brian Smith (www.bigbrainaudio.com) gives his impressions of a visit at Nonlinear Labs in this video, where Stephan Schmitt shows the state of development of the company's first product, a digital synthesizer."

Details on the Emphase previously captured here.

Stephan Schmitt improvising on his C15 Keyboard by Nonlinear Labs @SUPERBOOTH18

Stephan Schmitt improvising on his C15 Keyboard by Nonlinear Labs @SUPERBOOTH18 from HerrSchneider on Vimeo.

"The C15 from Nonlinear Labs is a digital synthesizer to be brought to the world's stages. An instrument that stands out for its performance and expressiveness."

New Nonlinear Labs C15 Videos

Nonlinear Labs C15 - Haarlem Sessions - Trancy World from Stephan Schmitt on Vimeo.

via Nonlinear Labs:

"In the Summer of 2016, Federico Solazzo visited us because he was curious about the C15. He is a very experienced and versatile musician, a proficient synthesizer expert and sound designer. We decided to give him one of our C15 pre-production units for a few weeks. We wanted to find out how the C15 would inspire him in the way he plays keyboards and designs sounds.

In October we brought a C15 to his home in The Hague (NL). Federico started to explore the instrument and created a collection of his own presets. We asked him to think about a number of music pieces or improvisations that would show some characteristics of the instrument in a video recording session.

As a location we chose Studio Helmbreker in Haarlem (NL) where Federico had recorded the latest album with his band 'Azure Hiptronics'. The main room has a great sound and atmosphere.

We were very lucky that two other members of the band - Luciano Poli (bass) and Satindra Kalpoe (drums) - joined in for some of the pieces. The recording took place on the 6th of December, 2016. Bowie Verschuuren was the man behind the camera. All tracks were recorded 100 % live; no overdubs or effects were added - only slight EQ-ing and limiting was used."

Nonlinear Labs C15 - "Caves"

Published on Dec 8, 2018 peter m mahr

"Demoing the expressiveness of the NONLINEAR LABS C15 "Caves" sound which was used in the Kloentalersee video:"

Switzerland Kloentalersee drone flight

Published on Sep 8, 2018 peter m mahr

"Wonderful Alps - Glarus Kloentalersee

All sounds - Nonlinear Labs C15

Idea, visualization and music - peter m. mahr"

Nonlinear Labs C15 - Studio Package Update - USB-MIDI and Internal Digital Recording

video by Nonlinear Labs

"The Nonlinear Labs C15 gets a major update that includes USB MIDI connectivity and an internal digital audio recorder.

The current implementation of a MIDI interface is now widening up the spectrum of applications for the C15 - especially in the studio environment. For connecting the C15 directly to a computer we are offering a new small hardware device called the MIDI Bridge.

The second feature included in this software release is an internal digital recorder. It automatically stores the audio output signal of the last hours in the C15.


MIDI features at a glance:

➤ Transmits and receives notes, positions of the Hardware Controls, Program Changes
➤ Up to 90 parameters can be modulated via the Macro Controls
➤ 14-bit resolution (16384 steps) for Note Velocities and for Controls available
➤ Separate MIDI Channels for Split zones and Parts of the synth engine available
➤ Local On/Off


Internal Digital Recording - features at a glance:

➤ Loss-free digital recording of the stereo output signal
➤ FLAC-compressed storage of the last hours (at least 80 min) of playing
➤ Auto-start when the C15 is booted (optional)
➤ Visualization in the browser and play-back controls
➤ Download of the selected segment as FLAC or WAV file
➤ The sound parameters at any point of the time line can be restored
➤ Complete information about the presets used in the session


All parts arranged and played by Tim Sund. Thank you, Tim!

http://www.timsund.com/

The music is an arrangement of Herbie Hancock's "Hidden Shadows".
The original song was released on his album "Sextant" (Columbia Records, 1973).

All audio material generated with the C15.

Filmed at Blackbird Music Studio
https://www.blackbird-music-studio.de"

Nonlinear Labs C15 Workshop at SchneidersLaden

video upload by SchneidersLaden

"The Nonlinear Labs C15: The character of the C15 synthesizer stems from a puristic digital engine which produces a unique palette of sounds seamlessly spanning from organic and acoustic to experimental and electronic.

Nonlinear Labs was founded in 2011 by Stephan Schmitt. The company is dedicated to building advanced electronic instruments for performing musicians, focusing on playability, expressiveness, quality, and durability. The synth engine of the C15 is called Phase 22. The core structure is a phase modulation synth that is based on two sine oscillators and two sine shapers only. Their signals can be passed through a comb filter, a state-variable filter, and a chain of five effects.

The design process for Phase 22 aimed at building an expressively playable instrument that has a strong individual character. At the same time the set of parameters should be small enough to be easily accessible."

Nonlinear Labs C15 - Major Software Update Released

Nonlinear Labs C15 - New Features - Update 2020

via Nonlinear Labs

"The C15 received the most significant software update since its release.

It's an update of the operating system, the synth engine and the user interface. It includes layer, split and mono modes, more voices, and more macro controls and modulation targets.

Get an impression of the new features in this video.

Get a detailed list of all the improvements here.

This update continues the constant evolution of the C15 since its launch three years ago. It expands its range and quality of sounds and improves his playability and suitability for musical performance. The update is accompanied by around 200 new presets making use of the new features.

The new software is a complete rewrite. Based on the new architecture, future developments will be easier and will also benefit from new opportunities. The synth engine and the user interface now both run on Linux.

The update is free for all C15 users, who will also benefit from the interchangeable magnetic foils, as the new version comes with updated overlays reflecting the new features.

As of now all new instruments will be shipped with the new system and we will contact all users in the coming weeks to perform the update with them. Early models of the C15 will be brought to Berlin to update the hardware in order to install the new software."

Podcast 330: Stephan Schmitt

20Objects

"Talk about a career! Stephan Schmitt started his journey into audio development by making noisy object as a kid, then got into electrical engineering to work on large format consoles (which is where he took on software...), then co-founded Native Instruments, creating Generator/Reaktor. After years with NI (including the development of Spark, Skanner and Kontour), he set off to work on his ultimate project: a keyboard player's dream synth, called the Nonlinear Labs C15.

In our chat, we talk about his history through the creation of NI, how he finds the synth voicings that are his signature development, and how the C15 fits into the world of modern music playing and production. Along the way, we also learn a lot about the things that (according to Stephan) make a synth 'expressive', and how this can benefit the live synth player.

Super fascinating, and a chance to learn the history behind the earliest days of virtual synth development, and the on-going work creating a niche hardware device. Check out Nonlinear Labs at https://www.nonlinear-labs.de/index.html."

The Emphase Synthesizer by NONLINEAR LABS

Note this is the first NONLINEAR LABS post.

Some details via NONLINEAR LABS:

"The housing of the Emphase synthesizer consists of two parts: the performance cabinet and the creation cabinet. The performance cabinet is very compact, but it contains all of the instrument's processor and audio components; it can be used separately from the creation cabinet in "play only" situations. The creation cabinet is a detachable extension of the user interface for sonic exploration and sound design and can also be useful for controlling a complex performance. It requires a connection to the performance cabinet for operation.

The modular design is open for variable user interface concepts. The current configuration:
- Four Selection Panels, each with 24 buttons with corresponding state-indicating LEDs. The software-defined functions of the buttons are indicated by interchangeable magnetic foils.
- Edit Panel with 18 buttons, an incremental encoder, and a 256 x 64 OLED display

Functions:
Parameter editing:
- selecting parameters
- displaying labels and values of parameters
- changing values
Presets:
- browsing, selecting and recalling presets
- storing the current edit buffer as new preset
- overwriting, deleting, moving and sorting of presets
Morphing:
- between two presets
- between the current state and a preset
Unlimited Undo for all sound editing interactions"

Sections based on labels below:

ENVELOPE A
ENVA-MODULATION
ENVELOPE C
ENVB MODULATION
ENVC MODULATION
ENVELOP B

OSCILLATOR A
SHAPER A
SHAPER B
OSCILLATORB

RING MOD
FEEDBACK MIZER
COMB FILTER
STATE VARIABLE FILTER
OUTPUT MIZER

CABINET
B-POLE FILTER
FLANGER
ECHO
REVERB
MACRO CONTROLS
PITCHBEND
MASTER"

NAMM 2023: Nonlinear Labs C15

video upload by CatSynth TV

"A demo of the C15 synthesizer from Nonlinear Labs.

"The C15 is an instrument for the performing musician, designed for playability and detailed sound editing. The embedded digital synthesis engine is based on phase modulation, a comb filter, and a feedback structure giving the C15 a unique character and creating crisp, organic, and complex sounds."

For more information, please visit https://www.nonlinear-labs.de/

______________
Please consider supporting this channel to help us bring you more synthesizer demos and other content
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/catsynth
Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/catsynth"

New Superbooth Berlin 2021 Presentation Videos

You can use the controls on the bottom left or upper right of the player to skip around.

Playlist:
1. Joranalogue - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

The Belgium Eurorack synth maker Joranalogue presented not one, but three new modules at SUPERBOOTH21: Orbit 3, Enhance 2 and Step 8.

During their Gesprächskonzert at Fuchsbau they not only talked about these new modules, but Alter Fritz also performed a live session with a Joranalogue based Eurorack system.

Driven by an unrelenting passion for analogue circuits, Joranalogue Audio Design offers an expanding series of high-quality Eurorack music synthesizer modules. They're continually introducing new approaches and techniques to the Eurorack platform, making waves in the waters of analogue synthesis. All products are designed and made in Belgium, guided by experiences in both modern hardware engineering and vintage synthesizer servicing.

This year, the Joranalogue crew finally returns to Berlin to present its latest developments. Join designer Joran van Gremberghe and artist Frits Jacobs (Alter Fritz) for a whirlwind ride through the exciting world of these black and silver modules!

2. u-he Wiretap - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert) @SUPERBOOTH21

For this Gesprächskonzert Urs Heckmann, founder of Berlin based company u-he, teamed up with Sebastian Hübert for their performance and presentation at Fuchsbau during SUPERBOOTH21. The former one-man show u-he is now a tightly knit team of employees, active associates and 3rd-party contractors – with ambitious plans.

Famous for very accurate and widely appreciated software synthesizers and effects, u-he showed their first eurorack module at a previous edition of Superbooth – the CVilisation. At SUPERBOOTH21 it was time for another announcement. They took the chance to present their latest development with a Gesprächskonzert, of which you can find the video documentation below.
The module is named Wiretap and it played a major role in creating rhythm during their performance.

Wiretap is a double gate extractor for v/oct signals. It will generate a gate when the voltage goes high, when it goes low, when it's steady, when it moves, when it's higher than the other one and when it's lower. And you can set the gate length and get additional envelope outputs.

3. Bitwig - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Berlin based DAW-makers Bitwig played a Gesprächskonzert on Thursday of SUPERBOOTH21. With the idea of - Less is More - Dave Linnebank showcased Bitwig and its possibilities, concentrating on simple ideas and how to creatively make them more complex. In other words: In this performance Dave starts with some short phrases, and then uses Bitwig Studio to extend them into musical passages. These will then become performance-ready clips by adding Bitwig's Operators for some fuzzy logic, getting the computer to make compositional choices while Dave is busy playing new lines on top.

Dave Linnenbank is a musician, technologist, and teacher. Over the past 20 years, he has crafted musical tools for pop and jazz artists, Broadway musicals, and desktop electronic musicians everywhere. Dave is part of Team Bitwig in Berlin, regularly making YouTube tutorials and more.

4. Verbos Electronics Complete Systems – SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

During his Gesprächskonzert at SUPERBOOTH21 Mark Verbos is introducing the audience to the newly designed Verbos Electronics System Configurations: Designer Configuration, Performer Configuration, Producer Configuration.

Mark Verbos explains the intended use of each configuration as well as the philosophy behind not only the module selection but also module arrangement. He also plays some examples with all three system to give a musical reference to the explanation of the ideas behind each system. This Gesprächskonzert is a great opportunity to watch and hear all three configurations right next to each other – where else would that be possible? Enjoy the video!

5. Modor DR-2 - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Modor introduced its powerful DR-2 drum machine at SUPERBOOTH21 with a short explanation by Marcel from Modor Music about its most deviant possibilities. This six-channel drum machine is completely digital – a discipline that Modor shines in. The DR- drum synthesizer features a sequencer with 128 steps and a very tidy user interface.

It positively surprised many people when it was introduced, because it is unusual and brings something new to the table. Luckily the DR-2 is not a copy of a classic, but uses modern digital synthesis to create drum sounds. A drum model can be assigned to each of the six channels. You can also assign the same model to several or all channels. The models include: Three bass drum models, three snare models, three cymbal models, claps, two tom models and miscellaneous, the latter divided into three subcategories: rimshot, rattle and cowbell.

This Gesprächskonzert was a very welcome opportunity to hear this rare drum machine in action. Enjoy the video!

6. Polyend Tracker - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Sobutane presents his upcoming album Future Cake using two Trackers and one Medusa durng this Gesprächskonzert at SUPERBOOTH21.

After working with the Yamaha RM1x sequencer for 13 years Sobutane discovered the Tracker by Polyend. Originally bought just for drum parts, it revealed itself to be a great live-oriented tool, making him compose music outside his trusty RM1x for the first time in his life. Although the idea of a tracker is not particularly new, the Tracker still feels fresh and inspirational to many musicians. The Tracker brought Sobutane ideas and a new approach to composing his music, so he bought a second one and a Medusa, also made by Polyend. That was the starting point for the creation of the music you hear in his Gesprächskonzert for Polyend. Enjoy!

7. Ploytec Boom Kick - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

This Gesprächskonzert was unusually opened with a steel-guitar performance by DobBroMan, showing the Ploytec Boom Kick (Guitar Pedal).

Ploytec always valued the opportunity of Gesprächskonzerte at Superbooth and so they took the chance to do another one in 2021 this time for a rather unusual product – a guitar pedal that generates a kick drum in sync with the tapped in tempo. Additionally it sends a MIDI clock to other gear. This is useful for simple backing of what the guitarist is playing. The addition of a bass drum completes the otherwise solo guitar and with the MIDI tempo output, other instruments can play in sync – whether these are additional drum machines or synthesizers or whatever.

And there is one special thing to note about the bass drum sound – there are no samples saved to this machine. The drum sound is generated through synthesis and it has a huge range of possible sounds, suitable for pretty much all music genres.

And if you haven’t heard the Superbooth blues yet, watch until the end!

8. LPZW & Tubbutec - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Kai and Tobi (aka LPZW & Tubbutec) probably could have sold every second SUPERBOOTH21 guest a 6mod6, that's how well their first joint product was received. At Fuchsbau the Berlin based manufacturers presented the result of their collaboration: a highly modified homage to the 606.

They were accompanied by an opening performance from Cem Oral a.k.a. Jammin’ Unit in which he used the new module intensively, giving a good idea about what the module sounds like in a musical context.

After the performance Kai and Tobi walked the audience through every sound engine of the module and showed their modifications of the original 606 circuits. Not only with the Gesprächskonzert, they convinced a lot of people that they created a great sounding and very versatile 606 inspired drum module.

Now the wait begins, the first batch of the 6mod6 still has to be built. Let's hope that the chip shortage does not delay the production too much.

9. Erica Synths PĒRKONS - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Erica Synths team of engineers and musicians have been working hard to bring surprise us all with a new instrument that no one expected and everyone wanted. Erica Synths had their booth completely dedicated to their latest product the PĒRKONS HD-01 drum machine.

PĒRKONS features four sonically versatile hybrid voices (digital sound engine + analogue multimode filter with overdrive) and a sequencer with simultaneous control over all four percussion tracks, an internal analogue BBD FX send, parameter automation and much more. This is a modern drum machine with a serious vintage look.

For their Gesprächskonzert they brought not one, but two of these machines and finally explained it and showed what it is capable of. For everyone’s surprise, the demo started with a drone set – yes, it can also do drones. And for the final concert part of this presentation, no other than Kodek entered the stage. Sounds fun? Enjoy the video!

10. Nonlinear Labs C15 – SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Stephan Schmitt, the founder of Nonlinear Labs, plays some improvisations on the C15 and shows the enormous tonal possibilities of this instrument and its ability to be played very expressively – with up to four expression pedals and the two large ribbon controllers. The C15 is a puristic and distinct digital synthesizer. Its sounds are generated by elementary algorithms and feedback structures. This opens up new fields for sound design and gives musicians an expressively playable and dynamical behavior, similar to acoustic instruments. The C15 is an instrument that has to be played by hand to unfold its full potential. After the performance Stephan explains what features are new and which special features of the C15 he used.

This isn’t the first Gesprächskonzert by Nonlinear Labs, so be sure to check out the previous editions for more information about this unique instrument.

11. Haken Audio & La Voix du Luthier – SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

Haken Audio and La Voix du Luthier have been presenting together at Superbooth for several years now, showing how well these two companies and their products fit together. This Gesprächskonzert features a Haken Continuum, the all-new Continuum Eurorack Module and the large Pyramid Resonator.
Watch Edmund Eagan passionately talk about his products and enjoy the demonstration and performance of the Continuum Fingerboard by Rob Schwimmer.

The almighty synthesis engine behind all these sounds is the Eagan Matrix, that now is also featured in the Eurorack module. This is a huge opportunity for sound designers and artists to expand their sound palette with very expressive and unique sounds.

12. UDO Audio Super 6 Desktop - SUPERBOOTH21 Gesprächskonzert (lecture concert)

UDO Audio brought the world one of the most interesting poly-synths of the recent years. Very rarely a company achieves such a success with their first ever product – but the Super 6 made it. Now UDO Audio showed the desktop version of this incredible synth. Great looks, ergonomics and the sound of the original Super 6 make this machine a very interesting option for many musicians and studios on the hunt for a capable poly-synth.

In this video George gives a little insight into the development of the company in general and his view on the past two years, since he presented the Super 6 to the world at SUPERBOOTH19.

Nonlinear-Labs C15 Demos & Review by peter m. mahr

You can find the review in Germon on https://www.petermmahr.com/nonlinear-labs-c15-synthesizer/, Googlish here.

Nonlinear Labs C15 - "Pad" & "Good Trump"

Published on Dec 20, 2018 peter m mahr

Not that Trump.

"Two more C15 sound examples. You will only hear the Nonlinear Labs C15 (Reverb!).
Sound #1 "Pad" - It starts with a simple pad sound that develops to a kind of SQR pad, then almost sounds like strings, but can also sound biting.
Sound #2 'Good Trump' - A brass like sound, somewhere between trombone and trumpet."

SUPERBOOTH 2022 NonLinear Labs C15 - Sounds

video upload by sonicstate

"Not much new to report from the Nonlinear Labs folks, the new firmware that allows MIDI has been covered - and the new always on recorder too. But we caught up with composer Tim who had a few choice sounds to play from the two operator FM engine."

Nonlinear Labs C15 Synthesizer At NAMM 2019

Published on Jan 30, 2019 Synthtopia

"At the 2019 NAMM Show, Nonlinear Labs made the NAMM debut of their C15 synthesizer.

The C15 is unusual in that it's a keyboard that's designed to be closer to traditional instruments than traditional synthesizers. As a result, it doesn't have internal sequencing, ARP, LFO's or even MIDI - it's designed for you to play it expressively, not machines.

In the first section of the video, founder Stephan Schmitt gives an introduction to the philosophy behind the C15. Starting around 8:30, Schmitt demonstrates the C15 and explains how the keyboard's expressive capabilities dynamically control its synthesis engine."

Concert Featuring Nonlinear Labs C15

The C15 in Concert - Tim Sund Quartet from Nonlinear Labs on Vimeo.

"In October 2017 the Berlin-based keyboardist and composer Tim Sund introduced the C15 to the concert stage by playing a complete show solely on two C15s. We recorded and filmed the concert with his inspired and expressive band at Kunstfabrik Schlot in Berlin."

Update: re-published 11/29/2017