AlphaTheta ChordCat Groovebox and Chord Engine - SonicDEMO

video upload by sonicstate

"We're looking at the ‪@alphathetaglobal‬ AlphaTheta ChordCat, a compact eight-track groovebox. It has built-in sounds, effects, sequencing and the ChordCruiser chord-generation system. It runs on battery or USB, and includes USB MIDI, MIDI in/out/thru, stereo outputs and headphones.

ChordCat is more than a groovebox and has chord helper functions which makes creating riffs and arrangements pretty straightforward. Matt takes us through sounds, sequencing, chord creation, effects, pattern handling, performance controls and DAW integration.

The sound banks include basses, keys, leads, pads, guitars, plucks, mallets, brass, strings, stabs and drum kits, with the 4x4 X-Y pad used for auditioning presets.

ChordCruiser shows chord names and notes, works with key and scale settings, and offers further chord choices after each selection. Matt built a four-chord set, then recorded it into the sequencer. The sequencer records note length, allows step entry, and lets each step hold gate and velocity values.

We also cover delay, arpeggiator, reverb and chorus sends, track volume and pan, ducking, filter and amp envelope editing, plus automation recording.Pattern copy, direction changes, switchback, step shift, chaining, muting and soloing can be used to reshape the sequence.

ChordCat Manager works on PC and Mac for sequence import/export. ChordCruiser is also coming as a plugin only, with beta access via AlphaTheta.

UK pricing is around £239 -£250.

Key Moments
00:00:00 Introduction and hardware overview
00:01:54 Sound browsing and preset auditioning
00:03:07 Chord mode, scales and ChordCruiser
00:09:47 Recording chords and step editing
00:11:28 Delay, arpeggiator and per-step control
00:14:52 Drums, track levels and sends
00:20:15 Filters, envelopes and automation
00:23:32 Pattern variations, direction and chaining
00:29:44 DAW MIDI, ChordCat Manager, plugin beta and price"

Baikonur 4: a virtual instrument sampled from a SOMA Lyra-8

video upload by Fangtooth Instruments

"Baikonur 4 is a cinematic virtual instrument built from deep-sampled recordings of the Soma Lyra-8 — an analog synthesizer known for its unpredictable, organic character. Available now as VST3/AU.

🔗 Get it here: https://fangtoothinstruments.com

Baikonur 4 features multiple mic positions, a built-in arpeggiator, and a full effects chain — covering everything from dark atmospheric drones to percussive textures and alien tonalities. Designed for film, game, and horror scoring"

Baikonur 4 is a sample-based synthesizer built from the sound of the SOMA Lyra-8™, a celebrated analog drone instrument. Rather than model it, Baikonur 4 captures its character through multi-channel recording and lets you reshape it with modulation, filtering and effects.

What makes the instrument distinctive is how each sound was recorded: every source was captured through four separate “mic” channels, each with its own tone, which you blend to taste on the main page.

Main — The direct signal, run through analog EQ, analog saturation and transformers for weight and color.
Room — The signal sent through a Fender Princeton Reverb amplifier and then a Universal Audio OX amp top box with the “Room” control fully raised — the source of the channel’s name.
Cab L / Cab R — Two different speaker-cabinet impulse responses, each captured in a different room and without the amplifier used on the Room channel — adding width and a sense of space.

CLICK FOR MORE »

Korg MS2000R Lives Again! | All 10 Demo Songs (No Talking)

video upload by Autodafe

"The Korg MS2000 and MS2000R are classic virtual-analog synthesizers from the early 2000s, known for their distinctive digital character, hands-on controls, vocoder and motion sequencing. The MS2000R is the rack version of the keyboard model.

This open-source project emulates the original hardware at a low level, running the original H8S/2350 firmware and DSP56362 code rather than recreating the synth engine from scratch. It includes a standalone application with the full front panel, plus VST3 and Audio Unit plugin versions.

In this video I’m using the standalone version and playing all 10 factory demo songs in sequence.

No talking — just the demos.

00:00 - Demo Song 1
00:48 - Demo Song 2
02:56 - Demo Song 3
04:30 - Demo Song 4
06:19 - Demo Song 5
07:33 - Demo Song 6
08:57 - Demo Song 7
09:39 - Demo Song 8
11:14 - Demo Song 9
12:32 - Demo Song 10

GitHub:
https://github.com/Tuth/ms2000r-emu"

CLICK FOR MORE »

Synth Show - Ep241 - Can you "Vibe Code" a VST?

video upload by GEOSynths

Makes me think of a new generation Synth Edit based soft synths. For those of you concerned about them, and M-VAVE, taking over site, don't. I'll be filtering out noise as usual. Note supporting member posts are always welcome as a thank you for supporting the site, so you will see demos coming in that route. That said, posts like this one are mainly for informative purposes only, and to give you a perspective on the topic.

Video description:

"Can you 'Vibe Code' a VST? Of course you can :)

Like many of us in this space, I’ve been looking into what “AI” can and can’t do and more specifically how it can help me with Audio/Video and App Creation. Google Flow recently added the ability to 'Vibe Code' your own VST Plugins and I’ve made a half decent FX Plugin…Nothing that will change the Music World, damn, there’s enough of that going on, but it’s quite a cool little Project."

And another project I came across based on the UI of the Moog Messenger but with a different engine.

Vibe Coding VST3 Synth Based off Moog Messenger Preset Editor Layout

video upload by Elyon Tron

"Free https://github.com/Gevarya/neuro-prot...

Sound test. UI inspired by the Moog Messenger preset editor. Working Windows VST3 and standalone synthesizer with its own sound engine. I used the Moog Messengers preset editor layout and functionality as a foundation for this synth. This does not edit presets on the Moog Messenger and it's not a skin for the preset editor. This is it's own synth.

Developed native synth with JUCE and C++ with GPT Codex. Tested both the standalone app and VST3 inside FL Studio.

The synth currently features two original synthesis algorithms:

⚙️ Mandible = interacting phase-modulated oscillators and asymmetric wavefolding for biting, metallic basses and aggressive textures.

⚙️ Gullet = harmonically rich synthesis shaped by moving resonances and distortion for throaty, vowel-like growls and smoother bass tones.

Added oscillator shaping and sync, multiple filter modes, envelopes, two LFOs, modulation routing, internal feedback, glide, duophonic playing, MIDI-synced pitch and mod wheels, an arpeggiator, a basic step sequencer, and preset saving. The factory bank now includes 17 presets, with ten dedicated bass patches. This is an independent project, unaffiliated with Moog, and isn’t intended to emulate the Messenger’s sound.

More synthesis algorithms are planned for later, including ideas for fractured waveforms, interacting detuned sources, and feedback driven textures. For now, this demonstration explores what Mandible and Gullet can already do as of now.

Built through experimentation, listening, testing, and one working feature at a time. Work in progress."

Hop Tactile - touch and play- Brooklyn SPEXPO 26

video upload by sonicstate

"Saima from Hop gave us a look at Tactile, an open-source standalone synth from Hop, developed from work in classrooms at Daniel's Music Foundation, a nonprofit working with disabled musicians.

Tactile is wireless, includes its own speaker and comes in light and dark colourways. The playing surface is pressure sensitive and has nine zones. The edges play a major scale, while the centre acts as a random sequencer. Additional areas control half-step bend, octave bend and a single-stage looper.

Patch changes use physical texture pads, with each pad linking a tactile surface to a matching sound character, including smoother and more bit-crushed responses. Key cards transpose the instrument; it defaults to A and changes key when a card is inserted.

Tactile is available from Hop's website. A separate Tactile Sidekick is in prototype and adds CV and MIDI interfacing for Eurorack and controller use.

More Info: https://hop-sounds.com"

Pulsar 1984 Voice Card and Enigma - Soma - Brooklyn SPEXPO 26

video upload by sonicstate

"We spoke to Noah from Soma about the Pulsar 1984 Voice Card, then Philippa gave us a look at Enigma.

The Pulsar 1984 edition includes a redesigned kick drum circuit based on an asymmetrically clipping triangle wave, with drive taking it into square-wave territory. It also includes a fuller ring-out and longer decay. The same replacement card adds a new bass synth filter based on the Polyvox filter, while the oscillator remains the same. The card fits the original Pulsar 23 with no soldering required; installation involves removing the back panel, unplugging the old sound card and plugging in the new one. It is available now for $250 US or €220.

Enigma is a synthesizer controlled by the position and movement of metal objects. Its buttons change algorithms and algorithm parameters, with melodic shifts including major/minor changes. Pitch changes wait until the end of the bar. It has stereo output, headphone output, MIDI input and CV input, and is available now for around $1,000 US. More Info: https://somasynths.com/"

IdioTech - Greenwaves Ondes Inspired - Brooklyn SPEXPO 26

video upload by sonicstate

"We spoke to Joe from Idiotech Devices about Greenwaves Synthesizer, an Ondes Martenot-inspired instrument influenced partly by Johnny Greenwood's use of the original French electronic instrument.

The instrument is a standalone digital synthesizer and also works as a MIDI and CV controller. It generates sound internally, controls standard 5-pin MIDI devices, and sends CV for Eurorack-compatible equipment. Its synthesis engine includes sine, square-style, triangle-style and folded sine waveforms, with wave shaping, pulse-width control, low-pass filtering and additive-style blending between wave sources.

Joe demonstrated the two-handed playing approach. Pitch is controlled from the fingerboard, with unquantised movement for slides and microtones, while volume comes from a touch-sensitive key. The key responds to gradual pressure for swells and taps for staccato articulation. The display updates as the faders move and pauses while notes are being played.

A spring reverb algorithm models the resonance speaker concept from the original Ondes Martenot system, with wet/dry control. The synth is available for pre-order at $1,700, with hand-built units expected to ship in early 2027.

More Info:
https://koi-tambourine-t5nk.squarespa... |--------|"

Cast Away (Elektron Digitone // MFB Tanzbar // Roland S-1 // Teenage Engineering KO Sidekick EP 136)

video upload by 2-Minute Warning

"1 track, 3 machines, a little over 5 minutes. 🎛️

Back with the same setup as *Live at Home 2*: the Elektron Digitone, MFB Tanzbär and Roland S-1. This time, though, it's one continuous piece rather than a collection of patterns and ideas.

All three instruments are connected to the **Teenage Engineering KO II Sidekick EP-136**:
Channel 1: MFB Tanzbär - punchy analog drums
Channel 2: Elektron Digitone - all the synth parts, plus some FM percussion
AUX input: Roland S-1 - Bass

The MIDI chain is pretty straightforward: Digitone to S-1 to Tanzbär.
The Digitone sequences the S-1, while the Tanzbär runs its own internal sequencer.

Things get a little more… unpredictable during the second half of the track, where I start playing around with the Sidekick's Loop effect to create all sorts of drum breaks.

It was an absolute pleasure to play with - perhaps a little too much of a pleasure, judging by how often I kept using it! 😄

But hey, sometimes you find an effect that makes you want to keep pushing it just a little further.

Hope you'll enjoy this one!

As always, the performance was recorded in a single take. I mixed and mastered the individual tracks afterwards in Ableton Live."

Introducing Tides Virtual Instrument for Building Playable Loops, Pads, Sweeps, and Impacts

Trailer and Walkthrough video upload by Lunacy

"Tides is a new virtual instrument for building your own playable loops, pads, sweeps and impacts. Here's the trailer, then a full walkthrough.

Stack up to six sounds from the Tides library, shape each one with built-in effects, and play the result across your keyboard.

The Tides library includes 50+ deep-sampled instruments, including the Budapest Scoring Orchestra and Choir, 350+ loops, textures and foley recorded from nature, and 100+ presets and sequences by Phritz and Alexander Panos.

Tides launches with Black Friday pricing, 50% off: $49 (RRP $99).

Get Tides: https://lunacy.audio/products/tides?u...

Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Tides
00:22 What Is Tides?
00:53 Exploring Sounds & Presets
01:42 Picking Sounds – The Sound Browser
02:22 Building Your Arrangement
03:05 Editing, Trimming & Duplicating Sounds
03:36 Pitch, Time Stretching & Envelopes
04:10 Sound Shaping & Global Controls
05:00 Looping & Reversing
05:46 Effects – Reverb, Delay & More
06:46 Exploring Presets
07:18 Generating New Arrangements
07:46 Final Playback & Outro"

NOVA: Tides
video upload by DATABROTH

"Read my full review here: https://www.databroth.com/blog/tides-...
You can pick up Tides here: https://lunacy.audio/products/tides?u...

check out my wavetables and presets at https://gumroad.com/databroth
join my Patreon / databroth"

CLICK FOR MORE »

Keystone Time Domain Pedals - Brooklyn SPEXPO 26

video upload by sonicstate

"We spoke to Ed from Keystone Musical Instruments about their line of stereo pedals, which focus on time domain processing. The system runs all effects in stereo and uses single TRS link between pedals for MIDI clock distribution, with an external MIDI source feeding the first pedal. These were demonstrated with the help of Fox playing on an iPhone app.

* Pedals:*
Karousel - Rotary / Drive
Kascade - Echo / Bender
Kavern - Plate Reverb / Freeze
Kliptor - Tremolo / Filter
Kontinuum - Delay
Kosmos - Multi Phaser
Kuttor - Slice Shaper

All pedals are available now from Keystone's website at $329 USD each.

More Info: https://www.keystonemusical.com/"

Formlessness: Live Looping on Handbuilt MIDI Instruments (LEDs + Pure Data)

video upload by

"This is a video recording of an improvisation without form, and maybe even without rhythm. Created with self-made instruments. More info on this project can be found at the following links:

https://smomid.com/
https://www.instagram.com/smomid/?hl=en
https://smomid.bandcamp.com/"

Soothing Ambient Synth Meditation | Isochronic Tones for Deep Calm

video upload by Smomid

"Soothing ambient synth meditation, performed live on glowing handmade synthesizers. Gentle isochronic tones, slow pulsing filters and soft bells to help you relax, unwind and find deep calm.

Use this music for meditation, relaxation, stress relief, yoga, studying, focus, or winding down before sleep. Isochronic tones work through regular speakers, so you don’t need headphones (though they sound lovely with them).

Everything you hear is played live, with no loops or pre-recorded tracks. The rhythmic filter movements are synced to the tones, and the LEDs respond as the music evolves. I synthesized the bell tones as well. All the audio was created using Pure Data open source programming software.

🎛️ About the instruments
All the instruments used in this video were designed and handmade by me. The blue boxes I call Pyramidi and the guitar shaped instrument I call a Smomid. There is some info available about these instruments at my website: Smomid.com"

Medeli MK61 review - a General MIDI keyboard for piano beginners

video upload by Floyd Steinberg

"The Medeli MK61 https://medeli.eu/ is a beginner's keyboard that offers a good keyboard action and some good sounds and a music teacher at a very attractive price. In this video, I play a lot of sounds and examine the firmware features. Table of contents:

00:00 teaser: If you know how to, you can get massive sounds out of this
00:11 Hi, what's this?
00:54 Playing the piano: 3 demos
03:27 Hardware overview
06:07 playing patches:
06:40 Romantic Electric Piano 2
07:02 Piano & EP
07:26 Harpsichord
07:49 Synth Music Box

CLICK FOR MORE »

OPEN-1 Concept

video upload by RedtailWorks

"OPEN-1: one synth, every firmware.

OPEN-1 is an idea for an open, entry-level synth: a 37-key instrument that becomes a new machine every time you pick a firmware from the SD card. In this concept video it runs a simulated HYP-1, in time with a real HYP-1 live take.

IDEAS PHASE: OPEN-1 is not a product yet. Nothing is for sale, the renders are concept art, and every spec and price below is a target, not a promise. I'm sharing it early to find out what you'd want from it.

TARGET SPECS
480 MHz Cortex-M7 (STM32H750), open toolchain (the FM-1 runs at 240 MHz)
32 MB of working memory for long delays, loops and samples (the FM-1 has about 432 KB)
16 MB of firmware flash plus a microSD library: keep several firmwares installed, swap from the menu
24-bit stereo audio in AND out, so it can be an effects box too
MIDI in and out (3.5 mm TRS), USB-C device and USB-C host
37 RGB-lit silicone keys, 8 velocity pads, 8 endless encoders, a thumbstick and 2 spring levers
4" 480×320 IPS screen, built-in speaker, headphone out, 3000 mAh battery
Wired only, no Bluetooth: lower latency, simpler to build
Target price: under $200

OPEN BY DESIGN
An open SDK and a browser emulator, so developers can build firmware before the hardware ships
A firmware jam before launch, with a community-voted firmware pack preloaded on every unit
Launch firmware ported from the FM-1 family: HYP-1, LOF-1, ECO-1 and GRAV-1

CLICK FOR MORE »

SuperFreaker 0.1.2: a randomizer for the MicroFreak (free firmware)

video upload by Freakier Firmware

"SuperFreaker 0.1.2 is out: free custom firmware for the Arturia MicroFreak. Hold Shift, press Amp Mod, and your MicroFreak rolls a brand new sound.

▶ Build it (free, in your browser): https://freakierfirmware.com/microfre...
▶ What's new: https://freakierfirmware.com/microfre...
▶ Back to stock any time: https://freakierfirmware.com/recovery/

NEW IN 0.1.2
• Randomizer: Shift + Amp Mod rolls the oscillator, filter, envelopes, LFO and Glide, and leaves your volume, arp, sequencer and effects alone
• Tape echo glide: turn Echo Time and the repeats bend like real tape (OFF, GENTLE, MEDIUM, WILD)
• Echo Sync: echo time in note values from the tempo
• Hold and Reverse keep the echo you were hearing
• A cleaner echo and reverb: no clicks on start

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TyCoon Sequencer Part 1: Teach In

video upload by TheAnalogmonster

"First video of my newest development, an Oberheim Two Voice Pro Sequencer inspired MIDI and CV sequencer for my TyCoon system. Smartass I am I added improvements and additional features:

• The sequencer manages several sequences in parallel, limited by the EEPROM size only.

• There is no sequence maximum length. The sequence lengths are limited by EEPROM size only.

• The sequencer operates with two different sequence types: Voltage sequences and MIDI sequences. Voltage steps are created via CV / NOTE potentiometer and STEP STORE trigger, MIDI steps via TEACH IN. The last records a MIDI sequence from an external source (other MIDI sequencer, keyboard etc.).

The steps are defined as voltage step or MIDI step by a corresponding step attribute bit.

The sequences are defined as voltage sequence or MIDI sequence by the corresponding attribute bit if its first steps.

• All sequence(r) data are kept in EEPROM automatically."

SpiceCore Synth and Sequencer for iPad

SpiceCore Berlin 2026 Pack Demo video upload by Rocco Lucia

"SpiceCore synth: a quick almost fully automated demo of the Berlin 2026 Pack.

More info on https://www.iscanet.com/spicecore/"

SpiceCore with the Launch Control XL3

video upload by Rocco Lucia

"In this video, we explore the deep hardware integration between SpiceCore 2.4.0+ for iPad and the Novation Launch Control XL Mk3!

Simply connect via USB-C to unlock plug-and-play tactile control over your sound design workflow. Get direct hardware feedback via the onboard OLED display and color-coded LED knobs/faders—letting you shape synth parameters, filters, arpeggios, and envelopes without constantly touching the screen.

In this walkthrough:
• Automatic plug-and-play hardware detection via USB
• OLED screen feedback & LED brightness customization (day/night modes)
• Hands-on sound shaping: Filter cutoff, resonance, density, and mutation
• Arpeggiator control & fine-step parameter modifiers
• MIDI In routing for external keyboards

🔗 Download SpiceCore on the App Store: https://apps.apple.com/app/id6760504511
🌐 Visit our website: https://www.iscanet.com/spicecore

⏱️ Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro & Hardware Overview
0:40 - Connecting Launch Control XL Mk3 to iPad (Plug & Play)
1:25 - Hardware Feedback: OLED Display & LED Knobs
1:54 - Arpeggiator & Real-Time Filter Tweaking (Cutoff & Resonance)
3:20 - Parameter Controls: Mutation, Density & Envelopes
4:25 - Fine Adjustments & Modifiers
6:30 - Harmonic Mode & Pattern Reset
7:25 - LED Brightness Dimming & Night Mode
8:05 - External MIDI In Setup
8:55 - Jamming & Sound Demo
11:30 - Outro

---
Disclaimer: SpiceCore is not affiliated with, sponsored, or endorsed by Novation. Launch Control XL is a trademark of Focusrite/Novation."

SpiceCore is an iPad instrument that pairs an analogue-style synth voice with a sequencer built for evolving rhythm, tonal steering, and hands-on play.

What defines the instrument now.

Voice, motion, harmony, space, touch, and the long arc of a performance all live inside one instrument instead of feeling like separate features.

Voice character
Dual morphing oscillators with OSC1→OSC2 FM, Contour, dual filtering, envelopes, drift, and Circuit give the core tone weight, edge, and movement, from clean bodies to bell and metallic FM colours. And one pattern need not stay one sound: the Sound Palette spreads a phrase across up to four, chosen and blended note by note.

CLICK FOR MORE »

Skiff 1.3 for the M-VAVE FM-1: two cores, 12 voices, MIDI LEARN (what's new)

video upload by Skiff

You can find the M-VAVE FM-1 on Amazon.

Update: new videos added below.

"Skiff 1.3 is out: free, open-source firmware that turns the M-VAVE FM-1 into a six-track groovebox. This video shows what's new in 1.3, set to one song made on it: the FM-1's second core (BETA: 12 voices at once instead of 8), MIDI LEARN and a MIDI channel per track, an INSERT effect on every track, LFO sync, and more from Felucca 1.2 to 1.6.1.

Everything you hear is Skiff 1.3's own code playing that song: the firmware's source, run on a computer so the sound and the screens line up to the frame. Every sound comes from its engines, and every knob turn, mute, MIDI message and effect shown is performed in the firmware. Nothing was added afterwards; only the overall level was set. Every FM-1 screen shown is Skiff's own display, not a mock-up; the MIDI controller is a drawing of the messages the firmware received. A computer has no FM-1 second core, so the run renders those tracks itself with the two-core voice budget; Skiff's tests show the sound is bit for bit the same either way. The CPU figure on screen (60–63 %) was measured on an FM-1 playing six such tracks.

▶ Get Skiff (free, GPL-3.0): https://github.com/illuminus5/skiff
▶ Install from the browser (Chrome or Edge, FM-1 on USB): https://illuminus5.github.io/skiff/we...
▶ What's new in 1.3: https://github.com/illuminus5/skiff/r...

CLICK FOR MORE »

He Built a DIY Sequencer... And It Sounds Like This

video upload by human.motives

"My DIY sequencer is alive! First jams with BOTANICA, my DIY desktop MIDI sequencer.This is Part 2 to my BOTANICA first look video.

0:00 Intro
1:34 Jam 1
4:25 Jam 2
6:38 Jam 3

BOTANICA is a desktop hardware sequencer, not a eurorack module. It's a DIY synth and DIY electronics project built for hands-on control over melody, pattern length, probability and transposition. In this video I let it run across 3 full performances so you can hear what it does in a real setup.

Want to learn more? Visit https://humanmotives.org/ for all info, signup and more!"

Midicake UNA Tutorial

video upload by midicake

See the announcement post here.

"Midicake UNA: the complete tutorial. Everything UNA does, from plugging in to patch chains, in one sitting.

UNA is a hands-on hardware composer for keyboard players. Hold a chord and the band starts: three tracks, Rhythm, Melody and Bass, follow the chords you play in real time, while your other hand stays free to solo. In this video Chris, founder of Midicake, walks through every part of the instrument with a keyboard plugged in: the controls and views, keyboard split and LISTEN, the Melody, Rhythm and Bass tracks, capturing what you play, chord chains, Modulators and patches.

Use the chapters below to jump straight to a topic, and come back to this video as a reference.

Midicake UNA is on sale from 15 October 2026. Early bird launch offer: £399 / $519 / €479 for the first 150 units, taxes included, free shipping. https://www.midicake.com"

CLICK FOR MORE »

Retromulator 1.11 - CA-72 Moog Model D Core Demo

video upload by discoDSP

https://www.discodsp.com/retromulator/

"The Minimoog has the voice many of us first fell in love with: a fat bass that sits under everything, a lead that cuts through any mix, a filter you can play like a second instrument.

The CA-72 by Idle Foundry rebuilds a 1972 Model D from the inside. Every board was transcribed from the service documents into SPICE netlists, and the real-time model was derived from those simulations and calibrated against a real instrument, so the oscillators drift, the ladder filter sings and the mixer breaks up the way the original does.

Its front panel opens right below the Retromulator rack. LO, HI and ULTRA quality trade CPU for detail, and offline bounces always render with the 4x engine. DOUBLE, SPREAD and ENTROPY add a detuned twin, stereo width and the small differences between two real units. Presets are .fxp files in Factory and User banks with .fxb bank import and export, selected by MIDI Program Change, and every panel control answers a MIDI CC."